What is Electricity and how the Electric circuit works?
NCERT Science Class 6 – In this article, we will learn What is Electricity and how the Electric circuit works? from class 6 science
Electricity is a powerful form of energy. All the devices which run by electricity have an electric current flow through them. Some examples are the electric bulb, heater, refrigerator, iron, fan, oven, etc. with the help of electricity you can light your home, offices, roads, market, factories, etc. By using suitable devices, electricity is transformed into a different type of energy as follows
Light energy– electric bulb, fluorescent tube, and CFL bulb.
Sound energy– TV, radio, transistor, loudspeaker, and tape recorder.
Mechanical energy– Mixer, grinder, electric motor, electric lifts, etc.
Magnetic energy– Transformers, electric bells, etc.
Heat energy– cooking- ovens, toaster, etc.
Heating– Heater, iron, etc.
Cooling– refrigerator, AC, etc.
Sources of Electricity Current
Some common sources are an electric cell, battery, and electric current. Due to the electric reaction in these sources, an electric current is produced.
Electric cell
Electric cells are used in may devices like a torch, alarm clock, wristwatch, radios, camera, and many other devices. There are two terminals- metal cap for positive and metal disc for negative. The electric current is produced through the chemical present in it. Electric has to be replaced with the new one when all the chemical is used.’
Different types of Cell
Primary cell
These are dry cells that contain the dry or semi-solid chemicals in it. The chemical reaction is produced through ammonium chloride paste inside the zinc container and powdered manganese dioxide inside carbon container. The electric current flow in from one terminal and flow out to another terminal. These cells can be used only once.
Secondary cell
Once cells are drained, they can be recharged and used again. Secondary cells are used in car batteries, laptop,s etc.
Solar cells
These cells produce the current through sunlight. They are used in solar panels to light up the street light.
Electric Circuit
Electricity flows through the positive terminal to negative terminal through a path. A connection is required outside the electric cell that can support the flow of current from the positive to the negative terminal of the cell. The path through which connection is passed is known as an electric circuit. For example, a bulb glows only when the connection is properly made. A broken path is known as an open circuit and an unbroken path through which electricity is passed is known as the closed circuit.
Electric Conductors and Insulators
Through the copper wire, electric current flows through them. it the wire is covered with plastic or rubber, current does not flow. Copper wire is a conductor and rubber is the insulator. In the electric devices that part which produces electricity contains a conductor and that part which covers the conductor is the insulator.
Conductors are the materials which allow current to flow through them.
Example- All metal wires, non-metal like graphite, gas carbon, the solution of acids in water, solution alkali in water, the solution of salts in water, etc.
Insulators are materials which do not allow current to flow through them.
Example- rubber, plastic paper, petrol, diesel, alcohol, etc.
Electric Bulb
It contains two terminals that are two thick wires at the end of the filament present in it. The filament is the tiny coiled wire that spirally wounded and the electric cell is connected at the two terminals. Through cell electric current is passed and make the filament to glow the bulb.
Electric Torch
An electric cell is used in the torch to produce light. The cell contains a positive and negative terminal. The bulb in the electric torch contains the filament which has two terminals. Through this filament, electricity is produced and bulb glows. The torch bulb connected to the cell stops functioning when the entire energy of filament has been drained.
Electric switch
It is a device which is used to interrupt the flow of electron in the circuit. It interrupts the current and diverts it from one conductor to another. Either it is completely on (closed) or completely off (opened). When the switch is on the gap in the circuit is bridged by the conductor to flow the current. Some categories of switches are single pole, double pole, three-way. Four-way, multi-location switch, and dimmer switch.
Connecting wire/Lead
It is a metallic wire used for the connections in the circuit. It supports for producing the electric current.
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Tag: Electricity, Electric Circuit, Sources of Electricity Current, Electric Conductors and Insulators, types of Cell, Class 6 science
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