Surface Areas and Volumes – Cube, Cuboid and Cylinder | Class 10 Maths

Surface Areas and Volumes – Cube, Cuboid, and Cylinder | Class 10 Maths

In this chapter, we will learn about the CBSE Board Class 10 topic Surface Areas and Volumes of solids like Cube, Cuboid, Cylinder, and Sphere from Chapter-13. Our Maths notes are self-satisfactory and easy to understand.

Introduction

In our day to day life, we come across various forms of solids. For Example – An ice cream cone is a combination of cone and semi-sphere. In this article, we will discuss the calculations regarding finding the surface area and volume of the different solids.

Units of measurements

To solve the problems first we need to know the interrelationships between different units of measurement.

Length

1 Centimetre (cm) = 10 millimetre (mm)

1 Decimetre (dm) = 10 Centimetres (cm)

1 Metre (M) = 10 decimetre= 100 Centimetres (cm) = 1000 millimetre (mm)

1 Decametre (dam) = 10 Metre (m) = 1000 Centimetres (cm)

1 Hectometre (hm) = 10 Decametre (dam) = 100 Metre (m)

1 kilometre (km) = 1000 Metre (m)=  100 1 Decametre (dam) = 10 Hectometre (hm)

1 myriametre= 10 kilometre (km)

Area

1 cm²  = 1 cm x 1 cm = 10 mm x 10 mm= 100mm²

1 dm²  = 1 dm x 1 dm= 10 cm x 10 cm= 100cm²

1 m ²  = 1 m x 1m = 10 dm x10 dm= 100dm²

1 dm ²  = 1 dm x 1dm = 10 m x 10 m= 100m²

1  hm² (hectare) = 1 hm x1 hm= 100 m x 100 m= 10000 = 100m²

1 km²   = 1km x 1 km= 10 hm x10 hm= 100hm²  (hectare)

Volume

1 cm ³ = 1 ml =1 cm  x 1cm x 1 cm = 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm= 1000m³

1 litre= 1000 ml =1000cm³

1m³ = 1 ml =1 m  x 1m x 1 m = 100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm = 106 cm³= 1000 litre = 1 kilo litre

1 dm ³= 1000 cm ³

1 m ³= 1000 dm ³

1 km ³= 109 m ³

CUBOID

A cuboid is a rectangular solid which have six rectangular faces. For example- matchbox, a book, a brick etc.

-It contains 12 edges, 18 vertices, and 6 rectangular faces.

-Volume of cuboid refers to the space enclosed by the cuboid

Diagonal refers to the line joining the opposite corners. It is the length of the longest rod. It has four diagonals.

Diagonals -D1 AG, D2 HB, D3 EC, and D4 DF

-Total surface area refers to the sum total of all the areas of four faces.

-Lateral faces refer to the four faces which meet the base of a cuboid.

-Lateral surface area refers to the sum of areas of four walls of a cuboid.

Formulae used to solve cuboid problems

Length=l

Breath = b

Height =h

Sum of length of all edges =4(l+h+b) units

Diagonal of cuboid= √l² +h² +b ²

 

Total Surface Area=2 (lb + bh+ lh) square units

Lateral surface Area= [2 (l+b) ×h] square units

Area of four walls= [2 (l+b) ×h] square unitss

Volume of a cuboid= l×b×h cubic units

Example- Cuboid

A rectangular solid length, breadth and height is in the ratio = 6:5:4 and total surface area =5328cm ²

Find length, breadth, and height?

Let length, breadth and height = 6a, 5a, 4a

Total surface area = 2 (lb + bh+ lh) square units= 5328

= [ 2(6a × 5a+5a× 4a+ 4a× 6a)]=  [ 2(30a ²+20a ²  + 24a²  )]

=148a²= 5328/148 = 36

= a²  =√36

a=6

Length= 6a = 6 x6 =36 cm, breadth=5a =5×5=30 cm and height = 4a= 4×6=24 cm

CUBE

Cube refers to the cuboid whose length; breadth and height are all equal. For example – ice cube, sugar cube etc.

Formulae used to solve cube problems

Sun of length of all edges= =12a units

Diagonal of a cube= a√3units

Lateral surface area= 6a²units

Total Surface area=4a² units

Volume=  a³ cubic units

Cross section

It is cut which is made through a solid perpendicular on the length.

Uniform cross section

When the cut is of the same size at every point of its length.

The lateral surface area of a uniform cross-section solid = Perimeter of cross section x length

Volume of a uniform cross-section solid= Area of cross section x length

Find out examples and questions for practice, NCERT Class 10 Maths.

RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER

It is solid which is created by the revolution of a rectangle.

Solids like circular pillars, measuring glass, pencil etc. are the form of right circular cylinders.

REMARK- UNLESS STATED CYLINDER IS NOT RIGHT CIRCULAR, A WPRD CYLINDER WILL BE CONSIDERED RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER

Case-1 – a cylinder with not circular base.

Case-2- a cylinder is circular but not a right angle.

Case 3- a cylinder is not a right circular cylinder if the lines joining a centre of a circle of a cylinder is not perpendicular.

Formulae used to solve Cylinder problems

Diameter = 2r

Perimeter= 2πr

Area of each circular end =πr²sq units

Total surface area = Curved surface area + Area of two circular ends

2πr + 2πr²sq units = {2πr (h + r) }sq. units

Volume = 2πr²h cubic units

HOLLOW RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER

The hollow right circular cylinder is a solid which is bounded by two coaxial cylinders of the same height. For example-a hollow pipe.

Formulae used to solve hollow right circular cylinder problems

The thickness of a cylinder= R-r units

Area of cross-sections = π(R² – r² )square units

Lateral/curved surface area= External curved surface area + Internal curved surface area.

=2πRh+ 2πrh = 2πh(R+r) square units

Total surface area-= Curved surface area +2 (area of the base ring)

=2πRh+ 2πrh + 2(πR² – πr²)

=2π( Rh+ rh+R² – r ²)square units

Volume = πh (R²– r²) cubic units

A volume of hollow region= πr²h cubic units

To know about the Sphere volume and area, click Class 10 Maths and study with animated learning videos.

Practice more and more with the practical numerical zone, click CBSE Class 10th Maths for more details.

 

Browse the class 10 related video lecture on Trigonometric Ratio

Here at Takshila Learning, we provide Online Tuition Classes from Preschool to Class 12 for all subjects. We provide the best online tuition classes that comprise Animated Video lectures and Live Interactive Classes that will help students to grasp concepts easily.

We also provide Worksheets & Assignments, Doubt sessions, Free Encyclopedia, NCERT Solutions, and Exam Guru to monitor your progress, i.e., subject-wise and topic-wise. So now Enjoy E-Learning with Takshila Learning…
Learning is fun now!
Enroll today & Get Free Demo Class!

 

Call at 8800999280 / 8800999283 / 8800999284 fill the form for any other details:

Tag: Class 10 maths , Surface Areas and Volumes , Cube, Cuboid, and Cylinder