NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Making of a Global World

NCERT Books Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Making of a Global World is the first stepping stone for a student in the competitive world. With the introduction of the CBSE Board Exam for class 10 a few years back, this has become an important gateway for a student. Based on the results of class 10th a student selects his future stream of Science, Commerce or Arts suiting his interest.

Takshila Learning provides you with detailed and well explained NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science of each chapter of each subject for NCERT Class 10. These NCERT Solutions help you to easily understand every concept so that you can score high in your CBSE Class 10 Board Exams.

Below you can find the NCERT solution for Class 10 History. You can get a Solution for all-important question of “NCERT Solutions For Class 10 The Making of a Global World”

 Ques 1: Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.

Answer: Examples of various types of global exchanges that took place before the seventeenth century:

Asia and Europe –

• Traders and travelers introduced new types of crops where they traveled.
• It is believed that Noodle traveled from China to Europe to become spaghetti.
• Ceramic utensils, textiles, spices of India and Southeast Asia
• Precious metals such as gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia via the Silk Route.

America – Europe – Asia –

Common foods such as potatoes, soy, peanuts, corn, tomatoes, peppers, sweet potatoes etc. reached the Americas and Europe after being accidentally discovered by Christopher Columbus from Europe and Asia. Even germs of diseases like smallpox carried their person from Europe to America

Ques 2: Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonization of the Americas.

Answer: Europeans like the Spaniards, the Portuguese, drifted into America after its discovery.

Smallpox germs were made on his person.

The global transfer of the disease into the pre-modern world helped colonization of the Americas because Native American Indians were not immune to the diseases that settlers and colonists brought with them.

The Europeans were more or less immune to smallpox, but native Americans were left to rest of the world for millions of year was cut off from parts, there was no defense against it. These germs killed and wiped out entire communities, paving the way for foreign domination.

Weapons and soldiers could be destroyed or captured, but could not be fought with diseases but not from diseases like smallpox, from which the winners were mostly immune.

Ques 3: Write a note to explain the effects of the following:

Answer:

(a) The British government’s decision to abolish the Corn Laws –

The British government’s decision to abolish Corn Laws led to the influx of cheaper agricultural crops from the US and Australia. British agriculture was unable to compete with imports.

Many English farmers left their professions and moved to cities and towns. Some went abroad.

This indirectly caused global agriculture and rapid urbanization, a condition of industrial development. Rapid industrial development in Britain resulted in higher incomes, and therefore more for imports. In Eastern Europe, Russia, America, and Australia — land was cleared and food production expanded to meet British demand.

(b) The coming of rinderpest to Africa –

Rinderpest was devastated by a cattle disease brought by infected cattle from British Asia to East Africa in the 1890s. It spread like wild wildfire in Africa. The arrival of Rinderpest in Africa led to loss of livelihood and local economy for many Africans. Using this position to their advantage, the colonized nations conquered Africa and subjugated Africa’s labor resources by monopolizing Africa’s laborers to work for a wage.

(c) The death of men of working age in Europe because of the World War.

Most of the victims of the World War belonged to younger generations of working men. As a result, it reduced able-bodied workers in Europe, reducing household income.

Entire societies were reorganized for the war as men went into battle, with women starting tasks that previously only men were expected to do.

The role of women increased and more equality of status was demanded. This strengthened the feminist movement. Women started working with men in every field. Women and youth became more independent and independent with long-term influence.

(d) The death of men of working age in Europe because of the World War.

In the early twentieth century, the global economy had become an integral part. The impact of the Great Depression in India was particularly felt in the agricultural sector. It was clear that the Indian economy was closely integrated into the global economy. India was a British colony and exported agricultural commodities and imported goods. The decline in agricultural prices resulted in a decrease in farmers’ income and agricultural exports.

As international prices plummeted, prices in India also fell. Between 1928 and 1934, wheat prices in India fell by 50%.

India’s trade exports and imports nearly halved between 1928 and 1934.

The government did not reduce their tax and therefore, many peasants and zamindars became more indebted to moneylenders and corrupt officials. This created great rural unrest in India.

During these depression years, India became an exporter of precious metals, especially gold.

(e) The Great Depression on the Indian economy.

Effect of MNC’s decision to move production to Asian countries:

• It provides MNC’s for cheap labor.
• This stimulated world trade.
• Capital flow to Asian countries increased.
• Brought new technology and production methods to Asian countries. More choice of goods and services to people. More and more employment opportunities for Asian countries.
• Economies like India and China developed as a result of rapid economic change.

Ques 4: Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability.

Answer: There were two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability:

Improving transportation – faster railways, lighter wagons, and larger ships helped to transport food from production units to markets even farther and cheaper.

Meat exports to Europe – poor Europeans were out of reach Meat became accessible. Refrigerated vessels helped transport perishable food items such as meat, butter and eggs over long distances.

Now the animals were killed for food at the starting point in the US, Australia or New Zealand and then transported to Europe as frozen meat. This reduced shipping costs and meat prices in Europe. Better living conditions promoted social peace within the country and supported imperialism abroad.

Ques 5: What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement?

Answer: The main objective of the post-war international economic system was to ensure economic stability and full employment in the industrialized world.

The Bretton Woods Agreement is a historical system for monetary and exchange rate management established in 1944.

Its framework was agreed at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in July 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA.

It established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to deal with external surpluses and deficits of member countries and financed post-war reconstruction.

Establishing a system of rules, institutions, and procedures to regulate the international monetary system, these allegations led to the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which today forms part of the World Bank Group Is part of. The post-war international economic system is also often described as the Bretton Woods system.

Ques 6: Imagine that you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings.

Answer: I am working in Trinidad (Caribbean) as a indentured laborer. Through this letter, I would like to tell you about my difficulty and misbehavior of the contractor towards me. At the time of hiring me the contractor did not give correct information about the place of work, mode of travel and living and working conditions. We are granted very few legal rights. The contractor uses harsh and abusive language at the workplace. He treats us like coolies and we are an uneasy minority in cocoa plantations in Trinidad. Sometimes agents forcibly abduct me, though I was not willing to work. Whenever I am not involved in my work, I am prosecuted and sent to jail. There is a lot of work in tree planting with a heavy workload and sometimes I have to finish it all one day. In case of unsatisfactory work (in the thinking of the contractor), my wages are cut. I am living the life of a slave and am in great trouble.

Ques 7: Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians, and write a short account of it.

Answer: The three types of movements or flows within the international economic exchange are trade flows, human capital flows and capital flows or investments. These can be explained as—the trade in agricultural products, migration of labour, and financial loans to and from other nations.

Trade flow – India was a center of trade in the pre-modern world, and it exported textiles and spices from Europe in exchange for gold and silver. After colonization, the influx of Indian textiles ie fine Indian cotton to Britain declined and the local market shrank.

The flow of labor – In the field of labor, in the nineteenth century, in large numbers, indentured labor was made available for mines, plantations and factories abroad. It was a tool of colonial domination by the British. These laborers migrated in the hope of a better future, but were largely taken advantage of. All over the world, about 150 million people are estimated to have left their homes, traversing vast distances over oceans and land in search of a better future.

The influx of capital-flows, Britain took a generous loan from the United States to finance World War One. Capital flowed from financial centers such as London. Since India was an English colony, the impact of these debt loans was felt in India as well. The British government increased taxes, interest rates, and lowered the prices of products purchased from the colony. Indirectly, but strongly, it affected the Indian economy and people.

Ques 8: Explain the causes of the Great Depression.

Answer: The Great Depression was a result of many factors: Post world war – I economy was already fragile.

Prosperity in the United States created a cycle of high employment and income during the 1920s. This increased consumption and demands. More investment and more employment created a trend of speculation which led to the condition of the Great Depression of 1930 by the mid-1929s.

The stock market crashed in 1929. This caused panic among investors and depositors, who stopped investing and depositing. As a result, it created a cycle of depreciation. The result was profound psychological trauma among both consumers and businesses and a loss of confidence in the economy.

Some banks were closed when people withdrew all their assets, leaving them unable to invest. There was also less money to lend, partly because people were hoarding it as cash. Some banks withdrew loans taken from them at the same dollar rate despite the falling value of the dollar. This was worsened by the British change in policy to the pound on pre-war prices.

Ques 9: Explain what is referred to as the G-77 countries. In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?

Answer: The G-77 country is an abbreviation for the group of 77 countries that demanded the new International Economic Order (NIEO); A system that would give them real control over their natural resources, without being a victim of neo-colonialism, without being a new form of colonialism in the trade practiced by the former colonial powers. The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations is a coalition of 134 developing countries, designed to promote the collective economic interests of its members and create a united joint capability at the United Nations.

The G-77 can be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods Twins (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) as these two institutions were designed to meet the financial needs of industrialized and developed countries, and its Nothing was done. Economic growth of former colonies and developing nations