NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy

NCERT Books Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Economics Sectors of the Indian Economy : Class 10 is the first stepping stone for a student in the competitive world. With the introduction of the CBSE Board Exam for class 10 a few years back, this has become an important gateway for a student. Based on the results of class 10th a student selects his future stream of Science, Commerce or Arts suiting his interest.

Takshila Learning provides you with detailed and well explained NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science of each chapter of each subject for NCERT Class 10. These NCERT Solutions help you to easily understand every concept so that you can score high in your CBSE Class 10 Board Exams.

Below you can find the NCERT solution for Class 10 Economics. You can get a Solution for the all-important question of “Sectors of the Indian Economy”

Q1. Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:

1. Employment in the service sector _________ increased to the same extent as production. (has / has not)
2. Workers in the _________ sector do not produce goods. (tertiary / agricultural)
3. Most of the workers in the _________ sector enjoy job security. (organised / unorganised)
4. A _________ proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large / small)
5. Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is a _________ product. [natural /manufactured]
6. The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are_________ [independent / interdependent]

Answer: a) has not

     b)Tertiary

     c)Organised

     d)Large

    e)Natural and manufactured

    f)Interdependent

Q2. Choose the most appropriate answer.

1. The sectors are classified into public and private sector on the basis of:

1. employment conditions
2. the nature of economic activity
3. ownership of enterprises
4. number of workers employed in the enterprise

Answer: 3. ownership of enterprises

1. Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in _________ sector.

1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. information technology

Answer: 1. primary

1. GDP is the total value of _________ produced during a particular year.

1. all goods and services
2. all final goods and services
3. all intermediate goods and services
4. all intermediate and final goods and services

Answer: 2. all final goods and services

1. In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between _________ per cent.

1. 20 to 30
2. 30 to 40
3. 50 to 60
4. 60 to 70

Answer: 3. 50 to 60

Q3. Match the following:

Answer:

Q4. Find the odd one out and say why.

1) Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter

Answer: Tourist Guide is the odd one out because he or she is appointed by the Government Department but tailor, dhobi and potter owns their private work.

2) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer

Answer: Vegetable vendor is the odd one out because he works in the primary sector, while jobs of teacher, lawyer and doctor come under the tertiary sector.

3) Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable

Answer: Cobbler is the out one out because he works in the private sector while the postman, soldier and police constable work for the public sector or the organised sector.

4) MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, Jet Airways, All India Radio

Answer: Jet Airways is the odd one out because it is owned by a private company and MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India and All India Radio are owned by the Government of India

Q5. A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following.

Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city?

Answer:

The percentage of workers in the unorganized sector is 70% (50+20)

Q6. Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.

Answer: The classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful as it helps in classifying the various occupations taken by the people in the country and how much each region contributes to the development of the country. It is also important because it helps to identify which sector contributes the most to the GDP and which sector has the scope to employ more people and increase national income.

Q7. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.

Answer:Employment and GDP are the two most important factors in the development of a country. Employment and GDP are used to calculate the overall productivity and national income of a country. If a country has a high employment rate, its GDP, national income and per capita income will automatically increase. So these are the two things which are given major emphasis in this chapter.Other issues that should be investigated are as follows:1. Health care facilities2. Education3. Poverty4. Food Production5. Nutrition

Q8. Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.

Answer:The activities performed by humans for organisms are classified into three areas: primary, secondary and tertiary. When we look at the people around us, we can classify their employment sector into any of the three classifications. Activities such as cleaning, agriculture, selling vegetables are examples of primary sector. The manufacturing of goods is an example of secondary sector. Teaching, mining, banking, transportation are all examples of tertiary sector.

Q9. How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.

Answer: Activities that help in the development of primary and secondary sectors are called tertiary activities. These activities are different from primary and secondary sector activities. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good production, but they are an aid or support to the production process. For example, goods produced in the primary or secondary sector must be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail stores. These transport facilities and shopkeepers fall under tertiary sector. They do not produce goods but play a very important role in selling and bringing those goods to market.

Q10. What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.

Answer:Unemployment conditions, where people are clearly working, but all of them are made to work less than their capacity, is called disguised unemployment. In this case, the person considers himself employed but not actually working.In rural areas, where agriculture is the main source of income, such unemployment can often be seen. If a piece of land requires only three people to work on it and instead five people are working on it, So two additional people are said to be in a state of disguised unemployment.In urban areas, latent unemployment is seen when painters, plumbers, electricians are unable to work on a daily basis and work below their potential.

Q11. Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

Answer: Open unemployment occurs when a person is ready to work, educated but unable to find a job and work. This kind of unemployment appears. Disguised unemployment, on the other hand, occurs when a person is clearly working but is made to work less than his or her ability. This type of employment is quite evident in villages where the people working in the fields consider themselves employable but are actually working below their potential.

Q12.“Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Answer:No, this is not correct. The tertiary sector is playing an important role in the development of the Indian economy. In the year 2003, the tertiary sector replaced the primary sector as the most productive sector in the country. Some reasons to support this are given below:1. Primary and secondary sectors can flourish only when the tertiary sector is there to support them.2. The tertiary sector greatly increases the national income of the country.3. Education, which is the basis of everything, comes under tertiary sector. A person working as a teacher falls under tertiary sector.4. This region provides maximum employment opportunities to the people in the country.

Q13. Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?

Answer:The service sector in India employs two different types of people. These people are:1. Highly skilled labor, including teachers, bankers, IT officers, etc. These people are employed permanently.2. Less skilled labor, including salesmen, electricians, plumbers, etc. These people are not permanently employed.

Q14. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Answer: The unorganized sector is characterized by small and scattered units that are outside the control of the government. There are rules and laws but they are not followed. The jobs here are low paid and not regular. It is therefore correct to say that workers in the unorganized sector are exploited because they are taken more work than they are paid. They have no provision or overpayment for overtime and no medical benefits. The biggest problem with working in this field is that there is no job security.

Q15. How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?

Answer: Based on employment conditions, the economy can be classified into two sectors:

1. Organized sector: Enterprises registered under the Government of India have an employee-friendly environment and are provided with various facilities including high wages.2. Unorganized sector: Small and scattered units which are temporary and employees of this sector are paid less.

Q16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.

Answer: In the organized sector, employees have high wages, medical facilities, a healthy working environment and their jobs are permanent. They are not liable to seek a new source of income every day.In the unorganized sector, wages are low, employees are exploited, no extra income is given for extra time, no medical facilities are provided and the work environment is unhealthy.

Q17. Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.

Answer:The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 was introduced with an objective to guarantee 100 days of employment in a year to all those who need work. It has also been said that in case of employment is not provided under this Act, those unemployed people will be given employment wages. There is a need to create additional employment opportunities for the people of villages and small towns.

Q18. Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors.

Answer:In the private sector, property and industries are owned by individuals, and in the public sector, industries and enterprises are owned by the government. The private sector works to earn profits and the public sector works to provide facilities to the public and earn profits. Common examples of public sector that we can see around us are government banks, post offices, municipal hospitals and Indian Railways. Common examples of private sector that we can see around us are IT companies, malls and multiplexes, etc.

Q19. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.

Answer: Public sector activities are prescribed only for the good of the public. The reason the government has moved up the public sector is to provide proper facilities to the people of the country. Banks, transport, irrigation, electricity, water and all the basic things which are necessary for the people, fall under the public sector and it is the responsibility of the government to prove these facilities to its citizens.

Q20. Explain how the public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

Answer:Public sector is the area which comes under the Government of India. The reason for the government to take responsibility of this sector is that the basic needs of the people including water, electricity, irrigation fall in this category and if these departments are left out then it will degrade the economy of the country because the development of the country will be stopped . The economic development of a country depends on the development of the people and if the people are deprived of basic needs, the economic development of the country will be affected. The government encourages small and large industries to flourish and provides employment under this section.

Q21. The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues : wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.

 Answer: The unorganized sector is characterized by small and scattered units that are outside the control of the government. There are rules and laws but they are not followed. Unorganized sector workers need protection: Wages:The income of the workers in the unorganized sector is not fixed and they are barely able to meet the needs of leading a livelihood. Therefore, these workers should be given fair and fixed wages so that they can contribute to the development of the country. For example – a painter is paid wages only for the days he works and on another day he is unemployed and not able to earn anything. Safety:Workers working in the unorganized sector are not provided any protection. There is no job security and anyone can be fired as per the requirement of the workers. For example – a worker working in the construction of a building ceases to be of any use after the construction is complete and there is no guarantee of getting the work done again. Health: Health is a very important factor for the growth and development of the country. The unorganized sector is not provided any medical protection and if there is an accident while working, the employer is not responsible for their health. For example – there is no disease for laborers working on daily wages.

Q22. A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?

Answer:

The table clearly shows that the income generated in the unorganized sector is 50% of the total income of Ahmedabad. More industries should be set up to increase employment opportunities for the people, proper education should be provided to all, proper facilities should be provided to all under the public sector.

Q23. The following table gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:

1. Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013.

Answer: In 1950, the share of primary sector in GDP was 57.97%, secondary segment was 13.77% and tertiary sector was 28.2%. In the year 2000, the share of primary sector in GDP was 27.33%, secondary segment was 24.37% and tertiary sector was 48.30%.