NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development

NCERT Books Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 1

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development is the first stepping stone for a student in the competitive world. With the introduction of the CBSE Board Exam for class 10 a few years back, this has become an important gateway for a student. Based on the results of class 10th a student selects his future stream of Science, Commerce or Arts suiting his interest.

Takshila Learning provides you with detailed and well explained NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science of each chapter of each subject for NCERT Class 10. These NCERT Solutions help you to easily understand every concept so that you can score high in your CBSE Class 10 Board Exams.

Below you can find the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 1. You can get a Solution for the all-important question of “Development”

Q1. Development of a country can generally be determined by

1. its per capita income
2. its average literacy level
3. health status of its people
4. all the above

Answer: d. all the above

Q2. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?

1. Bangladesh
2. Sri Lanka
3. Nepal
4. Pakistan

Answer: b. Sri Lanka

Q3. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?

1. Rs 7500
2. Rs 3000
3. Rs 2000
4. Rs 6000

Answer: d. Rs 6000

(4000+7000+3000+x) ÷ 4 = 5000

14000+x = 5000 × 4

x = 20000-14000

x = 6000

Q4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Answer: The World Bank uses per capita income to classify various countries. Per capita income is calculated by dividing the total income of the country by the population of the country. For the year 2017, countries with a per capita income of US $ 12,056 per year are declared as rich countries and countries with per capita income of US $ 955 or less are called low income countries. The limitations of the criterion are:1. While classifying countries, literacy rate, infant mortality, health care and other important factors are ignored.2. Information about uneven distribution of income has not been mentioned by the World Bank3. The economy of the country cannot determine the development of the country.

Q5. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?

Answer: The criterion used by UNDP is different from that used by the World Bank becauseUNDP compares countries based on people’s educational level, their health status, and per capita income. This is contrary to the method used by the World Bank because the World Bank only calculates per capita income to measure growth.

Q6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.

Answer: Different countries have a different population so calculating the average helps to get an approximate answer that can be used to compare different things at different levels. Average calculation has limitations because we cannot know the difference in income of people and improper distribution of income in a country or state. For example, if we calculate the per capita income of two countries A and B with 5 people, then the salary of five people of country A is Rs. 2,3,000, Rs. 2,2,000, Rs. 2,3,500, Rs. 2,8,000 and Rs. 25,000 and the income of people living in Country B is 1 lakh 50 thousand rupees. 22,000, Rs.50,000, Rs.4000, Rs.2500. The average income of Country A is Rs.24,300 and the average income of Country B is Rs. 45,700. This proves that the average of Country B is higher than that of Country A, yet there is a disparity in the income distribution of Country B and that the income is distributed evenly for Country A.

Q7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.

Answer: Kerala with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Therefore, per capita income is not a useful criterion and should not be used to compare states. This is true because Kerala has better literacy rate, infant mortality, health facilities, etc. than Haryana. Per capita income is calculated by simply calculating the state’s average income, regardless of any other factor.

Q8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?

Answer: Current sources of energy used by people in India include firewood, coal, petroleum, crude oil and natural gas. Fifty years from now, other possibilities can use solar energy and wind energy as a source for various energy forms. This is because the current use of sources of energy can cause the loss of these resources for future generations.

Q9. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

Answer: Sustainable development refers to the use of natural resources in a manner so that they can be used by present and future generations. The issue of sustainability is important for development because if natural resources are not used carefully, they may not be available to future generations. The dwindling resources of a country can eventually result in a decrease in the country’s development.

Q10. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person”. How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.

Answer:Development depends not only on the economic factors of a country, but also on the resources that are available for the use of the people of a country. Statement: “Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all, but not enough to satisfy the greed of one person” is completely relevant in the context of a country’s development because natural resources are non-renewable. There are resources and it is the responsibility of the people to fulfill only their needs and their greed. If natural resources are not used wisely, generations to come may not use them for their own needs, which will not result in the development of a country.

Q11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.

Answer:Some examples of environmental degradation that we can see around us are:1. Pollution due to vehicles and excessive use of fuel in vehicles.2. Industrial waste is collected in residential areas and released into water bodies3. Deforestation4. Mining5. Soil degradationIncreased pollution in the environment has resulted in global warming and the decay of glaciers and atmospheric conditions.

Q12. For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.

Answer:According to Table 1.6, Sri Lanka topped all four categories. It has the highest gross national income, life expectancy at birth, mean year of schooling for people age 25 and older and HDI rank in the world. Nepal has the lowest gross national income among the given countries. Pakistan has the lowest life expectancy at birth and the lowest HDI rank in the world among given countries. Schooling for people 25 years and older is the lowest for Myanmar and Nepal.

Q13. The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions.

         A) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.

Answer: The nutritional level of people in Kerala is higher than the nutritional level of people in Madhya Pradesh.

1. B) Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.

Answer: One-fifth of the population in the country is undernourished, although it is argued that there is enough food in the country for the following reasons:1. Inequality in distribution of food grains through Public Distribution System (PDS)2. Nutritious food cannot be taken by the poor population in the country.3. Unemployment occurs due to educational backwardness of the people, due to which people are not able to meet the basic requirement of food.4. There is no proper distribution of ration at fixed price shops.