NCERT Solution For Class 8 Science, Chapter 8 – Structure and Functions

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NCERT Solution For Class 8 Science, Chapter 8 – Structure and Functions provides us with all-inclusive information on all concepts. As students would have to learn the basics about the subject in class 8, this curriculum for class 8 is comprehensive study material, which explains the concepts in a great way.

Exercise Questions

1. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

(a) Unicellular organisms have one-celled body. (T/F)

(b) Muscle cells are branched. (T/F)

(c) The basic living unit of an organism is an organ. (T/F)

(d) Amoeba has irregular shape. (T/F)

Sol:

a)True

1. b) False
2. c) False
3. d) True
4. Make a sketch of the human nerve cell. What function do nerve cells perform?

Sol:

The main function of the nerve cell is to transmit messages to the brain from receptor organs and vice versa. It has control over the working of different parts of the body.

3. Write short notes on the following.

(a) Cytoplasm

(b) Nucleus of a cell

Sol:

(A) cytoplasm:

The cytoplasm is a fluid that contains all cell organs such as mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi bodies, etc. It is present between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. This cell helps in exchange of material between organelles. It is made up of eighty percent water and is usually clear and colorless.

(b) nucleus of a cell:The nucleus is a double-membrane bound cell organelle present in eukaryotic cells. It contains DNA, genetic material. It is the command center of the cell and is spherical in shape. It has the following components: •              nuclear membrane• nucleus• chromosomes1. Nuclear membrane:It is a two-layered membrane. It separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and acts as a wall. It has holes that allow the transfer of certain substances into and out of the cell.2. Nucleolus:It is a small dense circular body. It is not tied to a membrane.3. Chromosome:These are thread-like structures that carry genes. All the necessary information required for the transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring is stored in the genes. Infection of chromosomes is possible only due to chromosomes.

4. Which part of the cell contains organelles?

Sol:

Various cell organelles are present in the cytoplasm. It is a clear and colorless fluid that contains organelles like Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi bodies.

5. Make sketches of animal and plant cells. State three differences between them.

Sol:

6. State the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

7. Where are chromosomes found in a cell? State their function.

Sol:

There are thread-like structures present in chromosomal nuclei that carry genes. All the necessary information required for the transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring is stored in the genes. Infection of chromosomes is possible only due to chromosomes.

8. ‘Cells are the basic structural units of living organisms’. Explain.

Sol:

Various components of plants and animals are formed by cells. It is the smallest unit of life and is capable of all living functions. They are the building blocks of life. This is why cells are known as ‘basic structural and functional blocks of life’.Cells exist in various shapes and sizes and perform many types of activities.Their size and shape are related to the function it performs.

9. Explain why chloroplasts are found only in plant cells?

Sol:

Chloroplasts are plastids required for the food making process, called photosynthesis, and thus they are only present in plant cells.

10. Complete the crossword with the help of clues given below.

Across

1. This is necessary for photosynthesis.
2. Term for component present in the cytoplasm.
3. The living substance in the cell.
4. Units of inheritance present on the chromosomes.

Down

1. Green plastids.
2. Formed by collection of tissues.
3. It separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding medium.
4. Empty structure in the cytoplasm.
5. A group of cells.

Sol:

Across

1. Chlorophyll
2. Organelle
3. Protoplasm
4. Genes

 Down

1. Chloroplasts
2. Organ
3. Membrane
4. Vacuole
5. Tissue

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