NCERT Solution For Class 8 History, Chapter 6 – Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners

NCERT Solutions is known as an extremely helpful resource for preparing for the exam. Takshila Learning provides its learners with access to a wealth of NCERT problems and their solutions. CBSE Class 8 History NCERT Solutions are built by subject matter experts, so be sure to train learners for a good grade. The questions set out in the NCERT Books are prepared in compliance with the requirements of the CBSE.

NCERT Solution For Class 8 History, Chapter 6 – Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners provides us with all-inclusive information on all concepts. As students would have to learn the basics about the subject in class 8, this curriculum for class 8 is comprehensive study material, which explains the concepts in a great way.

1. What kinds of cloth had a large market in Europe?

Answer.

There was a big market for cotton and silk in Europe. Various varieties of Indian textiles were sold in European markets:a. ChintzB. Whipped or poppyC. BandanaD. JamdaniIndian printed cotton textiles were also famous in England for their exquisite floral designs, fine texture and inadvertence.

2. What is jamdani?

Answer.

Jamdani is a fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on looms, usually brown and white. A mixture of cotton and gold thread was often used, as in the fabric in this photo. The most important centers of jamdani weaving were Dacca in the United Provinces in Bengal and Lucknow.

3. What is bandanna?

Answer.

Bandanada is any brightly colored and printed scarf for the neck or head. Originally, the word is derived from “bandhana” (Hindi for tying) and refers to a variety of brightly colored cloth produced through a method of tying and dying.

4. Who are the Agaria?

Answer.

A group of men and women forming a community of iron smelters.

5. Fill in the blanks:

(a) The word chintz comes from the word _________.

(b) Tipu’s sword was made of_________ steel.

(c) India’s textile exports declined in the _________ century.

Answer.

(a) The word chintz comes from the word chhint.

(b) Tipu’s sword was made of wootz steel.

(c) India’s textile exports declined in the nineteenth century.

6. How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?

Answer.

Various fabrics like ‘The muslin’,  chintz ‘,’ calico ‘and anna bandanna’ have a history with their names:a. Maslin – The cloth was named after European merchants who saw five types of cotton textiles by Arab traders in Mosul. He named all the woven garments thereafter ‘muslin’.B. Chintaj – The name is derived from the name ‘int chint’ in Hindi, which is a small piece of cloth with floral design.C. Calico – The Portuguese first came to Calicut in search of spices. However, the cotton textiles that were transported back to Spain from Calicut were called calicos.D. Bandana – This word was derived from the Hindi word ‘Bandhana’. It is scarf with print. It is designed for the head or neck.

7. Why did the wool and silk producers in England protest against the import of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century?

Answer.

Wool and silk producers in England protested against the importation of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century, because of the fame of Indian textiles in European markets because of their design and their prices, they were unable to compete with them. English wool and silk producers wanted a ban on Indian textiles so that they could develop in England. Subsequently, the spinning genie was also introduced in European markets.

8. How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India?

Answer.

There were several challenges to textile production in India:a. They had to compete with English cotton industries in both England and India.B. British cotton industries expanded, causing shrinkage of Indian textile producers.C. Thousands of Indian textile producers went out of employment as the British occupied the market with their industries.

9. Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?

Answer.

The following are the reasons for the decline of the iron smelting industry in the nineteenth century:a. Indian monuments could not get charcoal due to the forest laws imposed on them. Charcoal is an essential component in the smelting of iron and the industry cannot succeed without its supply. Forest laws banned their movement in reserved forests.B. Iron smelters were asked to pay higher taxes to forest officials.C. After the 1950s, the English started importing iron from India to England. This discouraged Indian iron smelters from adopting the same profession.D. In the late nineteenth century, many famines destroyed the dry path for iron smelters.E. The iron industries presented the greatest challenge to local iron smelters who were not able to compete with the larger industries.

10. What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?

Answer.

The problems are given below:a. Competition – They faced large British industries that were already in the market.B. Exports – Exporting to England was a challenge for them due to the huge export prices.C. Failure – English cotton textiles excluded Indian textiles from their core markets such as America, Africa and Europe.D. No takers – Europeans started avoiding Bengal weavers and did not buy from them, which affected Bengal’s weavers the most.

11. What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?

Answer.

TISCO expanded due to the following reasons:

1. World War-I – War demanded huge quantities of iron and steel for the production of ammunition, a demand that Britain had to entertain.
2. Indian markets turned to Tisco for rail work to supply iron and steel.
3. TISCO made shells and cart wheels for World War I
4. By 1919, the British government began purchasing 90 percent of the steel manufactured by Tisco.

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