Heredity and Evolution Part – II – Sex Determination|Class 10 Science Notes
We have already discussed the previous article on Chapter – 9
What are Heredity and Evolution? from class 10 science, but in this article, we will discuss the topic of Sex Determination.
Factors considered determining Sex
1 Environmental Fact
In some animals, the temperature at which eggs are fertilized determined the gender.
2 Genetic
In some animals class 10 science Heredity and evolution Part II
Sex chromosome
In human beings, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of these 22 chromosome pairs are called autosomes and the last pair of the chromosome that help in deciding the gender of that individual is called the sex chromosome.
XX- Female chromosome
XY- Male chromosome
The human gender can be determined by the pair of the chromosome called a sex chromosome.
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Evolution
It is the sequence of gradual changes taking place in the primitive organism, over millions of years in which new species are produced.
Acquired Trait
These are traits which are developed in an individual due to special conditions. It cannot be transferred to the progeny and it cannot divert evolution. Eg low weight of starving beetles.
Inherited traits
These are traits which are passed from one generation to the next. It gets transferred to progeny and it helps in evolution. Eg color of eyes and hair.
Speciation ways
Gene flow
It occurs between a population that is partly but nor completely separated.
Genetic drift
It is the random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over successive generations.
Natural selection
The process by which nature selects and consolidates that organism which is more suitable adapted and possesses favorable variations.
Geographical isolation
It is caused by mountain ranges, rivers etc.
Evolution and classification
Evolution and classification are interlinks
Classification of species is the reflection of their evolutionary relationship. The more characteristics two species have in common the more closely they are related. The more closely they are related, the more recently they have a common sensor. Similarities among organisms allow us to group them together and to study their characteristics.
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Evidence of evolution
Homogenous organs
These are organs that have basic structural plan and origin but different functions. Example winds of the bat, the paw of a cat
Analogous organ
These are organs that have different origins and structural plans but the same function. For example- wings of bat have elongated fingers with skin folds.
Related articles
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