First World War Causes and effects

Causes of first world war

The First World War started on July 28, 1914(first world war start date), and continued till November 11, 1918. Twenty million individuals are thought to have died. The Allies (the French Empire, the British Empire, the Russian Empire, the United States of America, and others) fought the Central Powers (the German Empire, the Italian Empire, and others) in a worldwide conflict (the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire).

The First World War (World War I) is regarded as one of the most significant conflicts in history. The world’s main nations formed two competing alliances: the Allies (British Empire, France, and the Russian Empire) and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) (Germany and Austria-Hungary).

German resources and men were exhausted after four years of fighting when the war ended in 1918. By 1918, however, the British had improved their tactics and equipment, and the United States of America had arrived on the battlefields to reinforce the Allied powers.

Reasons behind the First World War

There were numerous conflicts between European states in the backdrop. As a result of the tensions and suspicions that existed among them, nations banded together to form military alliances.

(1) Conflict between Imperialist countries: Ambition of Germany

• The conflict between old imperialist countries (Eg: Britain and France)  and new imperialist countries (Eg: Germany).
• Germany ship – Imperator.
• German railway line – from Berlin to Baghdad.

(2) Ultra Nationalism

• Pan Slav movement – Russian, Polish, Czhech, Serb, Bulgaria, and Greek.
• Pan-German movement.

(3) Military Alliance

• Triple Alliance(Central Powers (1882)) – Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary.
• Triple Entente (Allies (1907)) – Britain, France, Russia.

Despite being a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, Italy did not join the Central Powers since Austria-Hungary had gone on the offensive, violating the alliance’s obligations. As other countries joined the war, these alliances were reorganized and expanded: Italy, Japan, and the United States joined the Allies, while the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers.

Anarchy at the International Level: Britain and France had a secret pact that allows Britain to rule Egypt and France to dominate Morocco. Germany was opposed, but an agreement was reached with a portion of the French Congo. The Hague Conferences of 1882 and 1907 were unsuccessful in establishing an international organisation.

Balkan Wars: Turkey ruled over many Balkan countries, including Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, and Montenegro. In the First Balkan War, they beat Turkey. The conflict that followed was fought between the Balkan countries themselves, such as Serbia vs. Bulgaria. Countries that had been defeated, such as Turkey and Bulgaria, sought German assistance.

Alsace-Loraine: Alsace-Loraine was given to Germany by France after German unification. France sought to reclaim Alsace-Loraine from Germany.

The immediate cause was Francis Ferdinand’s assassination. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was killed by a Serbian native (in Bosnia). Austria announced war with Serbia on July 28, 1914.

The Aftermath of the First World War

In World War I, millions of soldiers and civilians died. Nearly ten million soldiers died as a result of the battle, considerably outnumbering military deaths in all preceding wars combined. Hundreds of millions of civilians were also affected. Many people died as a result of hunger, sickness, mass deportations, and genocide.

The warring powers took use of considerable advancements in killing technology, including aircraft, tanks, and the first use of poison gas as a weapon of war.

In Europe and the United States, the war’s tremendous dead and sense of loss created a significant and lasting cultural imprint.

The First World War broke empires, gave birth to a plethora of new nation-states, inspired independence movements in Europe’s colonies, drove the United States to become a worldwide power, and laid the path for the development of Soviet communism and Hitler.

Diplomatic connections and commitments made during WWI, particularly in the Middle East, resurfaced a century later to haunt Europeans. The balance of power approach to international relations has been shaken but not completely broken. It took the Second World War to mobilize enough political forces to embark on a radical new approach to inter-state interactions.

World War I came to a conclusion with the Treaty of Versailles. World War I, which lasted from 1914 to 1918, came to an end. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, by Germany and the Allies (Britain, France, Italy, and Russia), thus ending the war. One of the great geopolitical watersheds of the twentieth century was World War I. It brought down four great imperial empires (in Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey), sparked the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, and set the stage for World War II by destabilizing European society.

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