Diversity in Living Organisms Class 9 Science
Explain the Classification System?
- Two kingdom classifications: Two Kingdom was classified by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758. The living organisms classified into two groups as plants and animals.
- Five kingdom classification: Further in 1959, H. Whittaker classified the organisms into five kingdoms as Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Plantae, and kingdom Animalia.
The five kingdoms and their key characteristics are given below:
- Monera:
- Monera is prokaryotes; which means nuclear materials are not membrane bound in them.
- They may or may not have a cell
- They can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
- All organisms of this kingdom are unicellular.
- Examples: Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), Bacteria and
- Protista:
- These are eukaryotes and unicellular.
- Some organisms use cilia or flagella for locomotion.
- They can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
- Examples: Plants like diatoms, unicellular algae,; animals like protozoans (Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena)
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- Fungi: Classification System
- These are eukaryotic organisms with the cell wall, made up of Chitin. They do not perform Photosynthesis (Heterotrophs).
- They may be unicellular (yeast) or filamentous (most fungi).
- They feed on decaying organic materials. This mode of nutrition is known as saprophytic. Few fungi live in symbiotic relationship with other organisms (Lichens), while some are parasites as well.
- Examples: green mold(Penicillium), Mushrooms(Agaricus), Smut(Aspergillus).
- Plantae: Classification System
- These are multicellular and autotrophs.
- Presence of chlorophyll is a different characteristic of plants, because of which they are competent of taking out photosynthesis.
- The cell wall is present.
- Plantae is multicellular eukaryotes having cell walls.
- The organisms belonging to this group are autotrophs and makes use of chlorophyll for photosynthesis in order to produce food for themselves.
- The following chart shows the classification of organisms in this group.
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- Animalia: Classification System
- These are eukaryotic, multicellular and heterotrophic organisms.
- The cell wall is absent.
The organisms like multicellular eukaryotes belong to this group.
They do not have cell walls
The organisms belonging to this group are heterotrophs (Consume the food from the environment).
Most animals of this group are movable.
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