What is Animal husbandry?
Animal husbandry is the field of agriculture that deals with animals raised for meat, fiber, milk, eggs, or other items. It entails day-to-day care, selective breeding, and livestock rearing.
Animal husbandry is also called selective breeding. Further develops animal genetic traits and behavior to benefit animal care and maintenance.
Animals provide us with a wide variety of food products with high nutritional value.
The animals are raised commercially to meet the high demand for food. Dairy products from animals such as cows, buffaloes, and goats are rich sources of protein. These animals are called milking animals because they give milk.
Poultry, ducks, and geese are another group of animals that provide nutritious food. They give us eggs, which are again rich sources of protein.
Animals such as chicken, duck, ox, goat, and pig are raised for meat. Apart from these domesticated animals, we have other sources of nutrients, which are marine animals. The seafood we eat has a very high nutritional value. They are a good source of various nutrients such as fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals.
Animal husbandry, breeding, and maintenance are exclusively under the purview of the Department of Animal Husbandry. Animal husbandry is a large-scale business. The animals are raised, cared for, cared for, and specially made. Animal husbandry includes poultry, dairy farming, beekeeping, and aquaculture.
How many types of animal husbandry are there?
There are four major types of animal husbandry in the world today:
1. Dairy Farming
Dairy farming is an agricultural technique associated with the production of processed milk to obtain dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, and cream. This includes animals like cows, buffalo, sheep, and goats.
The animals are cared for against diseases and regularly examined by veterinarians. A healthy animal is better physically, mentally and socially.
These animals are fed by hand or by machines. Preserves milk and makes dairy products commercially, used for commercial purposes.
2. Poultry Farming
Poultry farming is concerned with the raising and raising of birds for commercial purposes. Birds such as ducks, chickens, geese, pigeons and turkeys are raised for eggs and meat.
It is very important to take care of the animals and keep them in a disease-free environment to get healthy food for the animals. Eggs and meat are rich sources of protein.
There is a need to maintain cleanliness and hygiene. Bird manure is used as fertilizer to improve soil fertility. Poultry farming provides employment to many people and helps improve the economy of the farmers.
3. Fisheries
Fish farming is the process of raising fish in closed tanks or ponds for commercial purposes. The demand for this specialty has increased significantly as a result of recent corporate scandals. Fish species such as salmon, catfish, cod and tilapia are reared in fish farms.
There are two types of aquaculture or fisheries:
- Comprehensive aquaculture based on local photosynthetic production
- Intensive aquaculture based on external food supply to fish.
4. Bee Farming
Beekeeping or apiculture is the practice by which humans maintain bee colonies in man-made hives. A large number of bees, bees breed for pollination of honey, bees, and flowers. Other beekeepers use it for similar purposes. The area where the bees are kept is called an apiary or bee yard.
What is the role of animal husbandry in human welfare?
Animal husbandry is beneficial for humans in the following ways:
Dairy products: Animals such as cows, and goats are the main sources of milk and dairy products such as yogurt, cheese, and butter.
Meat: Animals such as cows, buffalo, pigs and goats are reared for their meat. Their meat is a rich source of protein in the diet.
Land Management: Cattle are sometimes grazed to control weed growth on the farm. In wildfire areas, dry shrubs eat sheep and goats, reducing the risk of fire.
Fiber: Animals produce fibers and fabrics such as wool and leather. For example, sheep are raised for wool, but camel skins are obtained.
Manure: Animal feces, blood, and bones are used as manure. Fertilizer is spread in the fields to increase crop yield and crop production. It is used as fuel for fires, walls, floors, and plaster.
Labour: Animals are a source of non-human labor. They are used for plowing fields, transporting goods and military operations. With age, horses, yaks, and donkeys are used for such purposes.
What are the advantages of animal husbandry?
Animal husbandry refers to the raising, raising or selling of livestock for agricultural purposes.
Animal Husbandry has the following benefits:
- Animal husbandry helps in the proper management of pets by providing food, shelter, and protection from diseases.
- It provides employment to many farmers and thereby enhances their standard of living.
- It helps in developing high-yielding animals through cross-breeding. It increases the production of various food products such as milk, eggs, and meat.
- This includes proper disposal of animal waste and promoting a healthy environment.
- Animal husbandry provides livestock production.
- It is an integral part of crop cultivation and contributes greatly to domestic nutritional security.
- Sheep provide wool, mutton, and hides.
- Cows, buffalo, etc. give us milk.
- It contributes to poverty by increasing household income.
- Livestock production is an integral part of crop production and contributes to poverty by increasing household income.
What is Management of Farm and Farm Animals?
Management is the art and science of combining ideas, facilities, processes, materials, and labor to successfully produce and market a valuable product or service. Below are some management procedures in various animal care systems.
(1) Dairy Farm Management:
Dairy is the care of animals for milk and products for human consumption. Cow, buffalo, goat and goat are the animals we expect in a diary. Cows and buffaloes usually produce more milk than sheep and goats. The yellow color of the cow is due to carotene.
Buffalo milk does not contain carotene. Cows’ ghee is more yellow in abundant green fodder than dry fodder. In dairy farming, people manage processes and systems that increase yields and improve milk quality. These are described below.
Four essential ways to improve livestock:
These include breeding, weed control, feeders, and maintenance.
(I) The purpose of weed control is to ensure that the male and female animals selected for breeding are of good quality,
(ii) to prevent non-breeding animals from breeding
(iii) to feed the animals with plenty of fodder. is important. Every animal should be fed a balanced meal,
(iv) Care (meditation) refers to good animal care, home care, proper hygiene and hygiene, and general supervision.
- Health care: According to the World Health Organization, ‘health’ is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not simply the absence of disease. A healthy animal eats drinks and sleeps regularly. Therefore, good health is important.
- Suitable environmental conditions: Adequate ventilation, proper temperature, adequate lighting, water, air, and well-drained shelter should be provided.
- Prevention of diseases: If the animal is well cared for, it develops resistance to diseases and protects animals from diseases.
- Regular inspection: The above steps require accurate verification with accurate record keeping. Regular visits to the vet are necessary. Thus the production capacity of livestock is controlled by three principal factors;
- genetic makeup
- nutrition,
- Environmental conditions including climate. Varghese Currin is the “father of the white revolution in India”.
(2) Poultry:
The term ‘Kept Chicken’ is used for birds that can be kept under pets for economic purposes. The term applies to chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, geese, guinea fowl, pigeons, peacocks, and quail. In our country, this means mainly chickens, which are raised for eggs and meat. Ducks are domesticated but to a very limited extent.
Poultry management includes the following components:
- Selection of disease free and suitable varieties: The choice of goods is the most important. The breed should be disease-free and suitable for environmental conditions. The most common egg-type species used for commercial production around the world is the single comb white legorn and its various strains. Meat stocks are mainly derived from the Plymouth Rock, Cornish and New Hampshire varieties.
- Brood House: The brooder house should be unregistered, rainproof and protected from predators. There should be windows with wire mesh for adequate ventilation.
- Sanitation and Hygiene: The house should be cleaned and disinfected. A good drainage system is required to keep the chicken yard clean.
- Feed Management: Feeding is the main maintenance in egg and meat production. Nutrient groups are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins.
- Lighting Management: Light is essential for high egg production. 14 to 16 hours of light, including daylight, is required for optimum production.
- Summer Management: The wings of birds are thick and do not have sweat glands. Birds can tolerate cold, but are more sensitive to heat.
- Winter Management: Try to keep the temperature above C 15.5. Thus the correct temperature must be maintained.
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